National Geodetic Survey Documents

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The National Geodetic Survey (The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey) was established by President Thomas Jefferson in 1807 as the Survey of the Coast. Its mission was, and still is, to survey the U.S. coastline and create nautical charts of the coast to help increase maritime safety.

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    Map of the City of Richmond, Virginia
    (1962) Adams, I. H.; Lindenkohl, Adolph; U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
    Plate 6: City of Richmond, 1864. Even though the capital of the Confederacy was not evacuated until 1865, Richmond was the target of some extremely violent fighting in 1864. Notable among this was General Butler's advance, which was halted far south of the city. Late in 1864, with the city still in Confederate hands, the Union armies wanted a good map of this city that they hoped eventually to take. Superintendent Bache was away from the Washington office of the Coast Survey at the time, so the request was received by the second in charge, Assistant Julius Hilgard. Under Hilgard's direction, Assistant Adolph Lindenkohl, assisted by others, compiled this map from the sources named thereon and whatever intelligence information they had at the time. This map was in use by the Union army when Richmond was evacuated the next year. This map is a revised version of the original 1864 map, updated in 1962.