Chicora Research Contributions

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The Chicora Foundation produces research contributions for archaeological and historical sites local to Columbia and/or South Carolina.

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Recordation and mapping of St. Elizabeths East Campus Cemetery, Washington, DC, V. 2
(2010-03-01) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Southerland, Nicole; Chicora Foundation
In 2007 Chicora Foundation prepared a detailed preservation assessment of the St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus cemetery. As a result of that document much progress has been made in cleaning the cemetery and taking steps to ensure its long-term preservation. This document is Volume 2 of that assessment.
Recordation and mapping of St. Elizabeths East Campus Cemetery, Washington, DC, V. 1
(2010-03-01) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Southerland, Nicole; Chicora Foundation
In 2007 Chicora Foundation prepared a detailed preservation assessment of the St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus cemetery. As a result of that document much progress has been made in cleaning the cemetery and taking steps to ensure its long-term preservation. This document is Volume 1 of that assessment.
Cultural Resources Survey of the Campbell Tract, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2006-06-15) Trinkley, Michael; Southerland, Nicole; Fick, Sarah; Chicora Foundation
This study reports on an intensive cultural resources survey of a nearly 3,000 acre tract (1,416 acres of wetland and 1,584 acres of upland), located in Charleston County, South Carolina. The work was conducted to assist Mr. Walt Martin of Associated Developers, Inc. comply with Section 106 of the National Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Resthaven Cemetery Assessment, City of Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia
(2017-11) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Chicora Foundation
This study was funded by the City of Washington and the Washington-Wilkes Historical Foundation. The field investigations were conducted from November 7 and 8, 2016. Report production followed immediately afterwards. The study examines Washington’s city cemetery, founded in 1857. It includes 41.1 acres, most of which has been developed, and it includes both African American and white citizens. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Washington National Register Historic District.
Cultural Resources Survey of the Sundrum Clayton 115kV Substation Project, Dorchester County, South Carolina
(2017-10) Hyder, Andrew P.; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a 6.55 acre transmission substation lot in north central Dorchester County, approximately 2.10 miles northwest of the City of Ridgeville, South Carolina, adjacent to HWY 78 and the intersection of the existing 115kV transmission line. Andrew P. Hyder (field supervisor), Lincoln Caldwell, and Racheal Hutchison (Archaeological field technicians) conducted this study, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Management Summary of Archaeological Data Recovery at 38CH1541, with Additional Investigations of a Possible Burial, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-06) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level investigation, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994). A series of 29 shovel tests were excavated, helping to define a site thought to measure about 600 feet east-west by 300 feet north-south. Artifacts collected during the reconnaissance dated from the eighteenth to early twentieth century (Adams and Trinkley 1994:30). The archaeological site was correlated with a main plantation settlement identified on nineteenth century maps of the plantation and was recommended as potentially significant (Adams and Trinkley 1994:34).
Assessment of Archaeological Site 38CH2244, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-06) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level study, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994:31), but 38CH2244 was not identified until the intensive survey in 2008 (Trinkley et al. 2008:153-155). The site was reported as a prehistoric scatter with eighteenth to twentieth century remains in an area measuring about 250 feet north-south by 500 feet east-west (Figure 1). A total of 85 shovel tests were excavated at 50-foot intervals with 28 producing artifacts (33%). All of the artifacts were identified in the plowzone, which was about a foot in depth. Some tests were taken to 2.7 feet below surface with no results.
Assessment of Archaeological Site 38CH2242, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-06) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level study, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994:31). Site 38CH2242 was not, however, identified until the subsequent intensive survey in 2008. Encountered during routine shovel testing, this testing was expanded eventually including 65 tests at 50-foot intervals. Twenty-two of these tests (34%) were positive, producing 113 specimens, 69 of which were colono sherds (61%). The testing also recovered 21 prehistoric sherds, but all of them were small (under 1-inch in diameter). The pat-tern analysis suggested the site was occupied by enslaved African Americans. Too few datable ceramics were re-covered to allow for reliable use of mean ceramic dating, al-though the site was thought to be eighteenth century based on the abundance of colono pottery (Trinkley et al. 2008:150-152).
Assessment of Archaeological Site 38CH1543, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-05) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level study, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994:31). Site 38CH1543 was reported as a small scatter of primarily eighteenth century remains situated south of an agricultural pond. Surface visibility in the fields was excellent and 15 shovel tests were excavated at 25-foot intervals in a cruciform across the site. Only five of these tests, however, yielded artifacts. The site core measured about 75 feet north by 100 feet east-west. However, the surface scatter was larger, measuring approximately 225 feet north-south by 250 feet east-west. A shovel cut into the bank of the agricultural pond yielded a colono sherd and some brick fragments, suggesting that the pond impacted the site and the settlement may have been larger than found in the reconnaissance study.
Management Summary of Archaeological Data Recovery at 38CH1541, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-04) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level investigation, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994). A series of 29 shovel tests were excavated, helping to define a site thought to measure about 600 feet east-west by 300 feet north-south. Artifacts collected during the reconnaissance dated from the eighteenth to early twentieth century (Adams and Trinkley 1994:30). The archaeological site was correlated with a main plantation settlement identified on nineteenth century maps of the plantation and was recommended as potentially significant (Adams and Trinkley 1994:34).
Cultural Resources Survey of the Williamsburg 69kV Transmission Project, Williamsburg County, South Carolina
(2017-03) Trinkley, Michael; Hyder, Andrew P.; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a transmission substation lot and corridor in west central Williamsburg County, about 3.5 miles north of the City of Kingstree in the vicinity of Brockington, South Carolina. Andrew P. Hyder and Kyndra Beatty conducted this study, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Management Summary of Archaeological Data Recovery at 38CH1542, Mullet Hall Plantation, Johns Island, Charleston County, South Carolina
(2017-04) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
Initial investigations, consisting of a reconnaissance level investigation, were conducted in 1994 (Adams and Trinkley 1994). A series of 29 shovel tests were excavated, helping to define a site thought to measure about 850 feet east-west by 150 feet north-south. Artifacts collected during the reconnaissance dated from the mid-nineteenth to twentieth century at the eastern portion and late eighteenth to twentieth century at the western portion (Adams and Trinkley 1994:30-31). The archaeological site was correlated with two slave settlements identified on nineteenth century maps of the plantation and was recommended as potentially significant (Adams and Trinkley 1994:30).
Cultural Resources Survey of the Jamestown 115 kV Transmission Project, Berkeley County, South Carolina
(2016-11) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a transmission substation lot and access road in north central Berkeley County, in the vicinity of the Jamestown community. The project site is situated about 19 miles east-northeast of Moncks Corner and about 0.5 mile southeast of Jamestown itself. The study was conducted by Debi Hacker, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Cultural Resources Survey of the India Hook 100 kV Substation Rebuild, York County, South Carolina
(2016-05) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a substation rebuild SC 195 (Mt. Gallant Rd.) opposite Crestview Drive in northeast York County about central Anderson County about 5 miles north-northwest of the City of Rock Hill and 1.5 miles northwest of the small community of India Hook. The study was conducted by Debi Hacker, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
St. Elizabeths West Campus Cemetery: Preservation Planning Update
(2016-11) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Chicora Foundation
In 2007, Chicora was retained by the GSA to examine the St. Elizabeths West Campus Cemetery, conduct some brief background research, document the stones present, provided additional boundary research, and provide prioritized recommendations for future action. In 2016, the GSA again requested we visit the cemetery and determine if needs and recommendations had changed since 2007.
African American Lives on the Lower Cape Fear River in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
(2018-11) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Chicora Foundation
This study explores the lives of African Americans on the Lower Cape Fear, helping to note their accomplishments and contributions, but primarily reconstructing the warp and weft of daily lives. Because of the fragmentary preservation of many sources, the story is not always complete. In addition, our reliance on civil records – the census, tax scripts, marriage and death certificates, for example – robs us of some of the complexity, but we hope the compilation provides a starting point for other researchers interested in exploring the lifeways of African Americans on the Lower Cape Fear.
Assessment of the Church of the Advent Cemetery, Spartanburg, South Carolina
(2016-08) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Chicora Foundation
The study examines the Episcopal Church of the Advent Cemetery in Spartanburg, South Carolina at the request of the Church Archives Committee. The history of the cemetery is not as well-known as might be imagined. Construction on the church was begun in 1850, although the first burial occurred about 1849. The current church was consecrated in 1864, but has been expanded on numerous occasions. It is likely that at least some of the expansions have covered graves.
Cultural Resources Survey of the Piercetown 100 kV Substation, Anderson County, South Carolina
(2016-05) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a substation on Martin Road in central Anderson County about 10 miles northeast of the City of Anderson and 1.5 miles southwest of Piercetown. The study was conducted by Debi Hacker, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Cultural Resources Survey of the Beech Springs 100 kV Transmission Project, Anderson County, South Carolina
(2016-05) Trinkley, Michael; Chicora Foundation
This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a 1 mile transmission line situated in the north central portion of Anderson County about 13 miles northeast of the City of Anderson. The study was conducted by Debi Hacker, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation for Mr. Tommy Jackson of Central Electric Power Cooperative. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800.
Orton Nursery and Plantation Operations from about 1938 through 1960, Brunswick County, North Carolina
(2016-02) Trinkley, Michael; Hacker, Debi; Chicora Foundation
Like too many commercial enterprises, very few records have survived to document the history of Orton Plantation’s gardens and nursery. Historical accounts, such as the cultural landscape report by Knott and her colleagues have relied on salvaged bits and pieces scattered at various repositories. This document assembles the currently known records of the plantation gardens and nursery, including correspondence and bills dating from 1937 through 1943, along with bank and accounting records dating from 1963 through 1973. While still resulting in a less than thorough historical overview, this study does address a previously ignored aspect of southeastern plantations – their development and operation during the twentieth century.